cantera/Cantera/src/Kinetics.h
2003-08-11 16:13:35 +00:00

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/**
* @file Kinetics.h
*
* $Author$
* $Revision$
* $Date$
*/
// Copyright 2001 California Institute of Technology
/**
* @defgroup kineticsGroup Kinetics
*/
#ifndef CT_KINETICS_H
#define CT_KINETICS_H
#include "ctexceptions.h"
#include "ThermoPhase.h"
#include "mix_defs.h"
namespace Cantera {
class ReactionData;
/**
* Public interface for kinetics managers. This class serves as a
* base class to derive 'kinetics managers', which are classes
* that manage homogeneous chemistry within one phase.
*/
class Kinetics {
public:
// typedefs
typedef ThermoPhase thermo_t;
/**
* @name Constructors and General Information about Mechanism
*/
//@{
/// Constructors.
Kinetics() : m_ii(0), m_thermo(0), m_index(-1), m_surfphase(-1) {}
/**
* This Constructor initializes with a starting phase.
* All of the appropriate entries that addPhase() (below)
* sets up are also done here.
*/
Kinetics(thermo_t* thermo)
: m_ii(0), m_index(-1), m_surfphase(-1) {
if (thermo) {
m_start.push_back(0);
if (thermo->eosType() == cSurf) m_surfphase = nPhases();
m_thermo.push_back(thermo);
m_phaseindex[m_thermo.back()->id()] = nPhases();
}
}
/// Destructor. Does nothing.
virtual ~Kinetics() {} // delete m_xml; }
int index(){ return m_index; }
void setIndex(int index) { m_index = index; }
/**
* Identifies the subclass of the Kinetics manager type.
* These are listed in mix_defs.h.
*/
virtual int type() { return 0; }
/**
* Return the number of phases defined within the kinetics
* object.
*/
int nPhases() const { return m_thermo.size(); }
/**
* Returns the starting index of the species in the nth phase
* associated with the reaction mechanism
*
* @param n Return the index of first species in the nth phase
* associated with the reaction mechanism.
*/
int start(int n) { return m_start[n]; }
/// Number of reactions in the reaction mechanism
int nReactions() const {return m_ii;}
/**
* Returns the total number of species in all phases
* participating in the kinetics mechanism
*/
int nTotalSpecies() const {
int n=0, np;
np = nPhases();
for (int p = 0; p < np; p++) n += thermo(p).nSpecies();
return n;
}
int surfacePhaseIndex() { return m_surfphase; }
//@}
/**
* @name Reaction Rates Of Progress
*/
//@{
/**
* Forward rates of progress.
* Return the forward rates of progress in array fwdROP, which
* must be dimensioned at least as large as the total number
* of reactions.
*/
virtual void getFwdRatesOfProgress(doublereal* fwdROP) {
err("getFwdRatesOfProgress");
}
/**
* Reverse rates of progress.
* Return the reverse rates of progress in array revROP, which
* must be dimensioned at least as large as the total number
* of reactions.
*/
virtual void getRevRatesOfProgress(doublereal* revROP) {
err("getRevRatesOfProgress");
}
/**
* Net rates of progress. Return the net (forward - reverse)
* rates of progress in array netROP, which must be
* dimensioned at least as large as the total number of
* reactions.
*/
virtual void getNetRatesOfProgress(doublereal* netROP) {
err("getNetRatesOfProgress");
}
/**
* Equilibrium constants. Return the equilibrium constants of
* the reactions in concentration units in array kc, which
* must be dimensioned at least as large as the total number
* of reactions.
*/
virtual void getEquilibriumConstants(doublereal* kc) {
err("getEquilibriumConstants");
}
/**
* Return the vector of values for the reaction gibbs free energy
* change.
* These values depend upon the concentration
* of the solution.
*
* units = J kmol-1
*/
virtual void getDeltaGibbs( doublereal* deltaG) {
err("getDeltaGibbs");
}
/**
* Return the vector of values for the reactions change in
* enthalpy.
* These values depend upon the concentration
* of the solution.
*
* units = J kmol-1
*/
virtual void getDeltaEnthalpy( doublereal* deltaH) {
err("getDeltaEnthalpy");
}
/**
* Return the vector of values for the reactions change in
* entropy.
* These values depend upon the concentration
* of the solution.
*
* units = J kmol-1 Kelvin-1
*/
virtual void getDeltaEntropy( doublereal* deltaS) {
err("getDeltaEntropy");
}
/**
* Return the vector of values for the reaction
* standard state gibbs free energy change.
* These values don't depend upon the concentration
* of the solution.
*
* units = J kmol-1
*/
virtual void getDeltaSSGibbs( doublereal* deltaG) {
err("getDeltaSSGibbs");
}
/**
* Return the vector of values for the change in the
* standard state enthalpies of reaction.
* These values don't depend upon the concentration
* of the solution.
*
* units = J kmol-1
*/
virtual void getDeltaSSEnthalpy( doublereal* deltaH) {
err("getDeltaSSEnthalpy");
}
/**
* Return the vector of values for the change in the
* standard state entropies for each reaction.
* These values don't depend upon the concentration
* of the solution.
*
* units = J kmol-1 Kelvin-1
*/
virtual void getDeltaSSEntropy( doublereal* deltaS) {
err("getDeltaSSEntropy");
}
//@}
/**
* @name Species Production Rates
*/
//@{
/**
* Species creation rates [kmol/m^3]. Return the species
* creation rates in array cdot, which must be
* dimensioned at least as large as the total number of
* species.
*
*/
virtual void getCreationRates(doublereal* cdot) {
err("getCreationRates");
}
/**
* Species destruction rates [kmol/m^3]. Return the species
* destruction rates in array ddot, which must be
* dimensioned at least as large as the total number of
* species.
*
*/
virtual void getDestructionRates(doublereal* ddot) {
err("getDestructionRates");
}
/**
* Species net production rates [kmol/m^3]. Return the species
* net production rates (creation - destruction) in array
* wdot, which must be dimensioned at least as large as the
* total number of species.
*/
virtual void getNetProductionRates(doublereal* wdot) {
err("getNetProductionRates");
}
//@}
/**
* @name Reaction Mechanism Informational Query Routines
*/
//@{
/**
* Stoichiometric coefficient of species k as a reactant in
* reaction i.
*/
virtual doublereal reactantStoichCoeff(int k, int i) const {
err("reactantStoichCoeff");
return -1.0;
}
/**
* Stoichiometric coefficient of species k as a product in
* reaction i.
*/
virtual doublereal productStoichCoeff(int k, int i) const {
err("productStoichCoeff");
return -1.0;
}
/**
* Returns a read-only reference to the vector of reactant
* index numbers for reaction i.
*/
virtual const vector_int& reactants(int i) const {
return m_reactants[i];
}
/**
* Returns a read-only reference to the vector of product
* index numbers for reaction i.
*/
virtual const vector_int& products(int i) const {
return m_products[i];
}
/**
* Flag specifying the type of reaction. The legal values and
* their meaning are specific to the particular kinetics
* manager.
*/
virtual int reactionType(int i) const {
err("reactionType");
return -1;
}
/**
* True if reaction i has been declared to be reversible. If
* isReversible(i) is false, then the reverse rate of progress
* for reaction i is always zero.
*/
virtual bool isReversible(int i){
err("isReversible");
return false;
}
/**
* Return a string representing the reaction.
*/
virtual string reactionString(int i) const {
err("reactionString"); return "<null>";
}
/**
* Return the forward rate constants
*
* length is the number of reactions. units depends
* on many issues.
*/
virtual void getFwdRateConstants(doublereal *kfwd) {
err("getFwdRateConstants");
}
/**
* Return the reverse rate constants.
*
* length is the number of reactions. units depends
* on many issues. Note, this routine will return rate constants
* for irreversible reactions if the default for
* doIrreversible is overridden.
*/
virtual void getRevRateConstants(doublereal *krev,
bool doIrreversible = false) {
err("getFwdRateConstants");
}
//@}
/**
* @name Reaction Mechanism Construction
*/
//@{
/**
* Return the phase index of a phase in the list of phases
* defined within the object.
*
* Input
* ----------
* ph = string name of the phase
*
* If a -1 is returned, then the phase is not defined in
* the Kinetics object.
* (HKM -> unfound object will create another entry in the
* map, suggest rewriting this function)
*/
int phaseIndex(string ph) { return m_phaseindex[ph] - 1; }
/**
* Add a phase to the kinetics manager object. This must
* be done before the function init() is called or
* before any reactions are input.
* The following fields are updated:
* m_start -> vector of integers, containing the
* starting position of the species for
* each phase in the kinetics mechanism.
* m_surfphase -> index of the surface phase.
* m_thermo -> vector of pointers to ThermoPhase phases
* that participate in the kinetics
* mechanism.
* m_phaseindex -> map containing the string id of each
* ThermoPhase phase as a key and the
* index of the phase within the kinetics
* manager object as the value.
*/
void addPhase(thermo_t& thermo) {
if (m_thermo.size() > 0) {
m_start.push_back(m_start.back()
+ m_thermo.back()->nSpecies());
}
else {
m_start.push_back(0);
}
if (thermo.eosType() == cSurf) m_surfphase = nPhases();
m_thermo.push_back(&thermo);
m_phaseindex[m_thermo.back()->id()] = nPhases();
}
/**
* This method returns a reference to the nth ThermoPhase
* defined in this kinetics mechanism.
* It is typically used so that member functions of the the
* ThermoPhase may be called.
*/
thermo_t& thermo(int n=0) { return *m_thermo[n]; }
const thermo_t& thermo(int n=0) const { return *m_thermo[n]; }
/**
* This method returns a reference to the nth ThermoPhase
* defined in this kinetics mechanism.
* It is typically used so that member functions of the
* ThermoPhase may be called.
*/
thermo_t& phase(int n=0) { return *m_thermo[n]; }
const thermo_t& phase(int n=0) const { return *m_thermo[n]; }
/**
* This method returns the index of a species in the source
* term vector for this kinetics object.
*
* @param k species index
* @param n phase index for the species
*/
int kineticsSpeciesIndex(int k, int n) const {
return m_start[n] + k;
}
/**
* Return the string name of the kth species in the kinetics
* manager. k can be equal to 0 to the number of species
* in the kinetics manager, which is the sum of the
* number of species in all phases participating in the
* kinetics manager.
* If k is out of bounds, the string "<unknown>" is returned.
*/
string kineticsSpeciesName(int k) const {
int np = m_start.size();
for (int n = np-1; n >= 0; n--) {
if (k >= m_start[n]) {
return thermo(n).speciesName(k - m_start[n]);
}
}
return "<unknown>";
}
/**
* This routine will look up a species number based on
* the input string nm. The lookup of species will
* occur for all phases listed in the kinetics obect,
* unless the string ph refers to a specific phase of
* the object.
*
* return
* If a match is found, the position in the species list
* is returned.
* If no match is found, the value -2 is returned.
*/
int kineticsSpeciesIndex(string nm, string ph = "<any>") const {
int np = m_thermo.size();
int k;
string id;
for (int n = 0; n < np; n++) {
id = thermo(n).id();
if (ph == id) {
k = thermo(n).speciesIndex(nm);
if (k < 0) return -1;
return k + m_start[n];
}
else if (ph == "<any>") {
/*
* Call the speciesIndex() member function of the
* ThermoPhase object to find a match.
*/
k = thermo(n).speciesIndex(nm);
if (k >= 0) return k + m_start[n];
}
}
return -2;
}
thermo_t& speciesPhase(string nm) {
int np = m_thermo.size();
int k;
string id;
for (int n = 0; n < np; n++) {
k = thermo(n).speciesIndex(nm);
if (k >= 0) return thermo(n);
}
throw CanteraError("speciesPhase", "unknown species "+nm);
}
thermo_t& speciesPhase(int k) {
int np = m_start.size();
for (int n = np-1; n >= 0; n--) {
if (k >= m_start[n]) {
return thermo(n);
}
}
throw CanteraError("speciesPhase",
"illegal species index: "+int2str(k));
}
int speciesPhaseIndex(int k) {
int np = m_start.size();
for (int n = np-1; n >= 0; n--) {
if (k >= m_start[n]) {
return n;
}
}
throw CanteraError("speciesPhaseIndex",
"illegal species index: "+int2str(k));
}
/**
* Prepare the class for the addition of reactions. This function
* must be called after instantiation of the class, but before
* any reactions are actually added to the mechanism.
*/
virtual void init() {}
/**
* Finish adding reactions and prepare for use. This function
* must be called after all reactions are entered into the mechanism
* and before the mechanism is used to calculate reaction rates.
*/
virtual void finalize() {}
/**
* Add a single reaction to the mechanism. This routine
* must be called after init() and before finalize().
*/
virtual void addReaction(const ReactionData& r) {
err("addReaction");
}
virtual const vector<grouplist_t>& reactantGroups(int i) {
err("reactantGroups");
return m_dummygroups;
}
virtual const vector<grouplist_t>& productGroups(int i) {
err("productGroups");
return m_dummygroups;
}
//@}
/**
* @name Altering Reaction Rates
*
* These methods alter reaction rates. They are designed
* primarily for carrying out sensitivity analysis.
*/
//@{
/// The current value of the multiplier for reaction i.
doublereal multiplier(int i) const {return m_perturb[i];}
/// Set the multiplier for reaction i to f.
void setMultiplier(int i, doublereal f) {m_perturb[i] = f;}
//@}
/**
* Increment the number of reactions in the mechanism by one.
*/
void incrementRxnCount() { m_ii++; m_perturb.push_back(1.0); }
/**
*
*/
virtual bool ready() const {
return false;
}
protected:
/**
* m_ii is the number of reactions in the mechanism
*/
int m_ii;
/**
* m_perturb is a vector of perturbation factors for each
* reaction's rate of progress vector. It is initialized to one.
*/
vector_fp m_perturb;
/**
* This is a vector of vectors containing the reactants for each
* reaction. The outer vector is over the number of reactions, m_ii.
* The inner vector is a list of species indecises. If the stoichiometric
* coefficient for a reactant is greater than one, then the
* reactant is listed contiguously in the vector a number of
* times equal to its stoichiometric coefficient.
*/
vector<vector_int> m_reactants;
/**
* This is a vector of vectors containing the products for each
* reaction. The outer vector is over the number of reactions, m_ii.
* The inner vector is a list of species indecises. If the stoichiometric
* coefficient for a product is greater than one, then the
* reactant is listed contiguously in the vector a number of
* times equal to its stoichiometric coefficient.
*/
vector<vector_int> m_products;
/**
* m_thermo is a vector of pointers to ThermoPhase objects. For
* homogeneous kinetics applications, this vector will only
* consist of one entry. For interfacial reactions, this vector
* will consist of multiple entries; some of them will be surface
* phases, and the other ones will be bulk phases.
* The order that the objects are listed determines the order in
* which the species comprising each phase are listed in the
* source term vector, originating from the reaction mechanism.
*/
vector<thermo_t*> m_thermo;
/**
* m_start is a vector of integers specifying the beginning position
* for the species vector for the n'th phase in the kinetics
* class.
*/
vector_int m_start;
/**
* Mapping of the phase id, i.e., the id attribute in the xml phase
* element to the position of the phase within the kinetics object.
* Positions start with the value of 1. The member function, phaseIndex()
* decrements by one before returning the index value.
*/
map<string, int> m_phaseindex;
int m_index;
/**
* ????????
*/
int m_surfphase;
private:
vector<grouplist_t> m_dummygroups;
void err(string m) const {
throw CanteraError("Kinetics::" + m,
"The default Base class method was called, when "
"the inherited class's method should have been called");
}
};
typedef Kinetics kinetics_t;
}
#endif